Who Built the Pyramids?

History of the Pyramids

The pyramids were constructed during ancient Egypt’s civilization, one of the wealthiest and most powerful civilizations in history. The grand scale of these monuments, especially the Giza pyramids, highlights the significant role ancient pharaohs played in Egyptian society. The earliest pyramids were built from the beginning of the Old Kingdom until the end of the Ptolemaic era in the 4th century CE. Pyramid construction flourished during the Third Dynasty and continued through much of the Sixth Dynasty, roughly around 2325 BCE.^[1]

Construction of the Giza Pyramids

The Giza pyramids were built by numerous ancient Egyptian pharaohs about 5,000 years ago as royal tombs and preparations for the afterlife, according to their ancient beliefs. Among the most notable pyramids at Giza are:

• Pyramid of Khufu: Construction began around 2551 BCE under Pharaoh Khufu, and his pyramid is the largest at Giza, standing approximately 138 meters tall.
• Pyramid of Khafre: Built around 2520 BCE, this pyramid is slightly smaller than Khufu’s. Scholars believe the Great Sphinx near it was also commissioned by Pharaoh Khafre, with the statue’s face representing the mythical creature.
• Pyramid of Menkaure: Constructed by Pharaoh Menkaure in 2490 BCE, this pyramid is significantly smaller than those of Khufu and Khafre. It also contains a mortuary temple.

Techniques Used in Pyramid Construction

The pyramids remain architectural marvels whose construction methods continue to puzzle scientists. Ancient Egyptian workers demonstrated exceptional skill, and archaeological findings indicate that the society responsible for building them was highly organized and rich in resources.^[2]

Over centuries, construction techniques evolved. Early pyramids were simple, small rectangular tombs. This design advanced during the reign of Pharaoh Djoser, who initiated multi-tiered structures with underground passages and chambers. Later innovations, particularly under Pharaoh Sneferu, saw engineers develop more sophisticated methods that laid the foundation for the iconic pyramids.^[3]

References

1. ↑ "Egyptian Pyramids", www.history.com, 21-8-2018, Retrieved 26-3-2019. Edited.
2. ^ ^{A B} Owen Jarus (2016-6-14), "How Were the Egyptian Pyramids Built?", www.livescience.com, Retrieved 2021-4-22. Edited.
3. ^ ^{A B} Owen Jarus (14-6-2016), "How Were the Egyptian Pyramids Built?", www.livescience.com, Retrieved 26-3-2019. Edited.